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| 3 Domains of Text Complexity from CCSS for English Language Arts & Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects. Appendix A, p. 4. |
The foundation of the triangle is "reader and task."
As readers we each have preferences, strengths, and weaknesses. We have reading histories which impact our senses of ourselves as readers. We also have motivations, or lack of, which impact us as readers. I love reading poetry. Any text on how to build something mechanical, snooze-fest. Reading a novel for fun is not the same reading experience as reading it for a class requiring an analysis and paper on the novel. This can be summed up as experiences, knowledge, and tasks impacting each of us as readers.
The task part of this is the "purpose, complexity, and questions posed" (CCSS, Appendix A, p. 4). My understanding of this is that what we are asking kids to do with a text, how we are asking them to do it, and the way we are asking students to show what they understand are all components of reading comprehension task.
The quantitative dimensions of text complexity are measurable: the average number of syllables in words, the average number of words in sentences. The variety of sentence lengths and structure. There are computer programs that can quickly and accurately chug through text to measure and calculate syllables, words, sentences.
"Text cohesion" is also part of this. According to CCSS beloved Appendix A, text cohesion is how "tightly the text holds together" (p. 7). Text cohesion is how much the text works to support the reader by deliberately using concrete language, repetition, definitions, so that the reader is supported and guided through the text. For example, I would humbly make the case that T.S. Eliot's The Waste Land has very low text cohesion. It is extremely difficult to read and to comprehend. The poem is full of allusions, abstract language, sophisticated imagery, references to other languages and customs, and vignettes that feel "dropped" into the text without context or explanation. In a decent edition of the poem, there are frequently more explanatory footnotes on the page than the actual poem. And I say, thank the reading goddesses for the footnotes, or I'd be lost! There are computer programs that can quickly and accurately chug through text to measure and calculate syllables, words, sentences.
"Text cohesion" is also part of this. According to CCSS beloved Appendix A, text cohesion is how "tightly the text holds together" (p. 7). Text cohesion is how much the text works to support the reader by deliberately using concrete language, repetition, definitions, so that the reader is supported and guided through the text. For example, I would humbly make the case that T.S. Eliot's The Waste Land has very low text cohesion. It is extremely difficult to read and to comprehend. The poem is full of allusions, abstract language, sophisticated imagery, references to other languages and customs, and vignettes that feel "dropped" into the text without context or explanation. In a decent edition of the poem, there are frequently more explanatory footnotes on the page than the actual poem. And I say, thank the reading goddesses for the footnotes, or I'd be lost! There are computer programs that can quickly and accurately chug through text to measure and calculate syllables, words, sentences.
The qualitative dimensions of text complexity are not easily or clearly measurable. The intended meaning or purpose of the text, the degree of difficulty of the language used, and what kind of background knowledge a reader needs are part of qualitative measures of text complexity. Only a human-being is capable of a qualitative assessment of a text.
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